Root canal infection and endodontic periradicular disease / Nestor Cohenca and Ana Maria Gonzalez -- Biofilms in root canal infection / Christine M. Sedgley and Rogrio de Castilho Jacinto -- Efficacy of root canal disinfection / Ashraf F. Fouad -- Impact of root canal disinfection on treatment outcome / James Johnson and Natasha Flake -- The anatomy of the root canal system as a challenge to effective disinfection / Eric herbranson -- Shaping the root canal system to promote effective disinfection / Ove Peters and Frank Paqu -- Update on endodontic irrigating solutions / Bettina Basrani and Markus Haapasalo -- Fluid dynamics of irrigation within the root canal system / G. John Schoeffel and Franklin R. Tay -- Positive pressure irrigation / Cesar de Gregorio, Carlos Heilborn, and Nestor Cohenca -- Apical negative pressure irrigation (ANP) / Nestor Cohenca, Cesar de Gregorio and Avina Paranjpe -- Disinfection of the root canal by sonic, ultrasonic and laser activated irrigation / Luc van der Sluis, Bram Verhaagen, Ricardo Macedo, and Michel Versluis -- Ozonization and electrochemical root canal disinfection / Roberta Pileggi -- Intracanal medication in root canal disinfection / Lea Assed Bezerra da Silva, Raquel Assed Bezerra da Silva, Paulo Nelson-Filho and Nestor Cohenca -- Healing of periapical lesions / Zvi Metzger and Anda Kfir -- Surgical endodontics : the complimentary approach / Richard Rubinstein and Alireza Aminlari -- Emerging technologies in root canal disinfection / Anil Kishen, Annie Shrestha, and Nestor Cohenca.